Final--Result

It turns out that most abstracts have similar structure of the corresponding introduction. The portion of the length of each move is similar in both parts. If a move in the abstract is "long", then the one in the introduction is also "long" or at least "medium". And if one is short, the corresponding one is often short or even absent. 7 out of 11 articles follow this pattern. For example, in LV Segmentation and Motion Analysis from 4D Cardiac Images (Yun Zhu, 2010), move one of the abstract is "medium" whereas that of the introduction is "short"; move two of the abstract have only one sentence while that of the introduction has just a few; both move threes are long. Another example is A Model-based Self-adaptive Approach to Image Processing (Jim Nichols & Ted Bapty, 2004). This article lacks move one in both abstract and introduction, and move two and three are weighed relatively equal. Another point is if there is a short or no abstract, then the introduction is usually short, like in Spotlights in Biomedical Imaging (Andrew F. Laine, 2009), where there is no abstract and the introduction has only two sentences.
Concerning the purpose of the articles, there is not much characteristic revealed except that 4 out of 4 articles with purpose of developing an algorithm have long move three in abstracts. The fact is that 7 out of 11 abstracts has long move three but no obvious trend of introductions.

Hedging in Data Commentaries

Dear Professor,
I'm writing you a data commentary of the makeup exam.

Table 16: A Comparison of the Regular and Makeup Exam

	Regular exam	Makeup exam
Average score (out of 100) Time administered Difficulty of questions Number of students Proctor Board examples Room environment	86 Wednesday, 7:00 p.m. average 125 professor yes about 20C	72 Friday, 4:00 p.m. average 25 teaching assistant no (not considered necessary) about 28C

First of all,  the table shows that the difficulty of questions is on average in both exams, so the difference between the average scores may be caused by some other objective factors. For example, there are only 25 students who attended the makeup exam, and statistics based on this small portion sample can lead distortion to the result. Students who took the makeup exam may just did not learn very well. Another factor might be the lack of board examples, but since it is not very necessary in exams, I do not consider it main causation of the score difference. Moreover, the room temperature during the make up exam is 28 C, which is much warmer than during the regular exam, so students may become sleepy in such environment. In a word, text question level is not the causation of difference between the two exams and result from the makeup exam can reflect the knowledge level of the students as the regular exam does.

Best regards,
teaching assistant

Sentences rewriting

Original:

The story of King Lear and his daughters was a popular one during the reign of Queen Elizabeth. At least a dozen available books offered the story to anyone wishing to read it, by the time Elizabeth died. The characters were undeveloped in most of these stories, however, making the story a simple narrative that stated an obvious moral. When he began work on Lear, perhaps his greatest tragedy, Shakespeare must have had several version of this story available to him. He turned the characters into credible human beings with complex motives, however, even though they were based on the stock figures of legend.  

Rewrite: 

During the reign of Queen Elizabeth one popular story was that of King Lear and his daughters. By the time Elizabeth died, the story was offered to anyone withing to read it in at least a dozen available books. However, in most of these stories the characters were undeveloped, making the story a simple narrative that stated an obvious moral. Several version of this story must have been heard by Shakespeare when he began work on perhaps his greatest tragedy Lear. Even though the characters were based on the stock figures of legend, Shakespeare turned them into credible human beings with complex motives.